1/19/2026

 

Samuel Clifford

 

Auroras—known as the northern lights in the Northern Hemisphere—are natural light displays created when charged particles from the Sun collide with atoms and molecules in Earth’s upper atmosphere. These collisions excite atmospheric gases, producing glowing curtains, arcs, and spirals of green, red, and sometimes purple light. Scientists explain that auroras form when solar wind disturbs Earth’s magnetosphere, funneling energetic particles toward the poles where they interact with oxygen and nitrogen high above the surface.

 

A large portion of the United States can see auroras tonight because a powerful coronal mass ejection (CME) from the Sun is striking Earth’s magnetic field, triggering a strong geomagnetic storm. Federal forecasters have issued G3–G4 level alerts, meaning the storm is intense enough to push auroral activity far south of its usual polar range. As a result, states as low as Alabama, northern California, and much of the central U.S. fall within the visibility zone for this rare event.

 

These geomagnetic storms do more than paint the sky—they can also affect modern technology. Strong solar activity can disturb satellite orbits, interfere with radio communications, and disrupt GPS accuracy. NASA satellite teams often take protective measures during severe storms to prevent damage to instruments and maintain stable data transmission. In extreme cases, geomagnetic disturbances can even stress electrical grids on the ground, though such impacts are less common.

 

Tonight’s aurora display is both a scientific event and a rare visual spectacle for millions of Americans. While the lights themselves pose no danger to people, they serve as a reminder of the dynamic relationship between the Sun and Earth. Whether viewed from northern states accustomed to auroras or southern regions experiencing them for the first time, this event highlights the beauty—and power—of space weather. Clear skies, dark surroundings, and patience will offer the best chance to witness one of nature’s most stunning atmospheric phenomena.

 

Source

“Auroras.” NASA Science, NASA, https://science.nasa.gov/heliophysics/science/auroras/

Blumenfeld, Josh. “It’s Always Sunny in Space (and That’s a Problem for Satellite Teams).” NASA Earthdata, 2 July 2024, https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov.

 

“‘Severe’ Geomagnetic Storm Could Make Northern Lights Visible in New York City, Tri‑State.” CBS News, 20 Jan. 2026.

 

“Northern Lights Could Be Visible in up to 24 US States after Rare Geomagnetic Storm.” Fox Weather, 19 Jan. 2026.